A $95 billion paper Bitcoin attack is unfolding behind the scenes—and almost no one sees it coming. Larry Lepard, Matthew Kratter, and Anil Patel break down how this could shake the entire crypto market and what smart Bitcoiners need to do now.FOLLOW TODAY’S PANELISTS:https://x.com/JimCriderTXhttps://x.com/Bquittemhttps://x.com/djvaleriebloveFOLLOW BTC SESSIONS on X/Nostr: x.com/BTCsessionsbtcsessions@getalby.comBOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL - BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://qrco.de/bfiDBVAQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCpCRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#btc #bitcoin #crypto

Mentor Sessions Ep.019: Phil Champagne on Bitcoin vs Altcoins, Decentralization, and Satoshi NakamotoBitcoin is the only cryptocurrency that matters—but why? In this must-watch interview on BTC Sessions, we sit down with Phil Champagne, author of The Book of Satoshi and Bitcoin vs Altcoins, to uncover the truth. Phil breaks down the critical role of decentralization and proof of work, explaining why Bitcoin’s security and network effects are unmatched in the blockchain world. He exposes the flaws of altcoins, showing why they can’t rival Bitcoin’s dominance. From Satoshi Nakamoto’s incredible design to the failures of fiat currency, Phil delivers a masterclass in cryptocurrency fundamentals. Whether you’re new to Bitcoin or a seasoned hodler, this discussion will deepen your understanding of why Bitcoin stands alone against altcoins and centralized systems. Don’t miss out—watch now!Key Topics: • Decentralization and Proof of Work • Satoshi Nakamoto and Craig Wright • Bitcoin’s Security and Network Effects • Altcoins vs Bitcoin • Fiat Currency Failures• 00:02:02 - Craig Wright and the Second EditionPhil discusses how the Craig Wright controversy inspired updates in the second edition of The Book of Satoshi.• 00:05:01 - Why Satoshi’s Identity Doesn’t MatterThe focus shifts to Bitcoin’s functionality and why speculation about Satoshi’s identity is secondary.• 00:05:43 - Bitcoin’s Lasting StrengthsPhil outlines the qualities that have kept Bitcoin robust and relevant for over 15 years.• 00:06:01 - Decentralization and Proof of WorkA deep dive into how decentralization and proof of work underpin Bitcoin’s security.• 00:07:01 - What Are 51% Attacks?Phil explains 51% attacks and Bitcoin’s hash power as a defense against them.• 00:08:35 - The Blocksize Wars and Bitcoin CashThe pivotal blocksize debate and the Bitcoin Cash fork’s lasting implications.• 00:12:15 - Lightning Network: Scaling BitcoinHow the Lightning Network tackles Bitcoin’s scalability issues for broader adoption.• 00:14:19 - Network Effects Driving BitcoinThe role of network effects in cementing Bitcoin’s value and dominance.• 00:16:07 - Psychology of Crypto SpeculationInsights into how human behavior fuels speculation in the cryptocurrency market.• 00:20:02 - Bitcoin as a Savings ToolPhil presents Bitcoin as a powerful long-term savings technology.• 00:44:00 - XRP’s Centralization ExposedA critique of XRP’s centralized design under Ripple’s control, compared to Bitcoin’s ethos.• 01:02:41 - Bitcoin’s Transparency EdgeThe importance of transparency and accountability in Bitcoin’s ecosystem.About Phil Champagne: • Author of The Book of Satoshi and Bitcoin vs Altcoins • Twitter: @egg_descrambler• Website: https://philchampagne.com/• Books available on Amazon⚡ POWERED by @Sazmining — the easiest way to mine Bitcoin and take control of your financial future. ⛏️You own the rig 🌍 It runs on clean energy 🔐 You get cheap Bitcoin BELOW Exchange Cost Start stacking wild sats today: 👉 https://qrco.de/bg8Jwq📚 FREE Bitcoin Book Giveaway: New to Bitcoin? Get Magic Internet Money by Jesse Berger FREE! 👉 Click: bitcoinmentororange.com/magic-internet-money 💡BOOK Private Sessions with Bitcoin Mentor: Master self-custody, hardware, multisig, Lightning, privacy, and more. 👉 Visit bitcoinmentor.io Subscribe to Mentor Sessions: Don’t miss out! Follow Us on X: • BTC Sessions: @BTCsessions • Nathan: @theBTCmentor • Gary: @GaryLeeNYC Previous Episode: Check out Keith Dicker on the coming Credit Collapse: https://youtu.be/ft-5JF_LhK4Support the Channel: Smash the like button, share with your Bitcoin crew, and subscribe for more! #Bitcoin #Altcoins #Decentralization #ProofOfWork #SatoshiNakamoto #Cryptocurrency #Blockchain #Security #NetworkEffects #FiatCurrency #MentorSessions #BitcoinPodcast #BitcoinEducation #Podcast #Crypto

Why did the IMF just ban a major superpower from adopting Bitcoin? This shocking move has global implications—and raises serious questions about what’s really going on behind the scenes.BOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------FOLLOW Simply Bitcoin & BTC Sessions on other channels:Simply Bitcoin on Youtube: youtube.com/@simplybitcoinSimply Bitcoin on X: x.com/simplybitcointv Nico on X: x.com/bitvoltBTC Sessions on X: x.com/BTCsessions—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://store.coinkite.com/promo/BTCSessions AQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCpCRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#btc #bitcoin #crypto

The PayPal Mafia has just been exposed—Elon Musk and Peter Thiel may be secretly stacking Bitcoin behind the scenes. In this explosive discussion, Brandon Quittem, Crider, and DJ Val JOIN BTC Sessions to reveal what could be the ultimate power play in global finance.FOLLOW TODAY’S PANELISTS:https://x.com/JimCriderTXhttps://x.com/Bquittemhttps://x.com/djvaleriebloveFOLLOW BTC SESSIONS on X/Nostr: x.com/BTCsessionsbtcsessions@getalby.comBOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL - BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://qrco.de/bfiDBVAQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCpCRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#btc #bitcoin #crypto

Mentor Sessions Ep.018: Keith Dicker on Bond Market Chaos, Geopolitical Risks, and BitcoinIs the global economy teetering on the edge? You’re not alone in wondering. In this explosive Mentor Sessions episode, we sit down with Keith Dicker, President and Founder of Ice Cap Asset Management and co-host of Canada’s top economic podcast, The Loonie Hour. Keith delivers a jaw-dropping bond market analysis, revealing why it’s a ticking time bomb ready to blow. He dives into how geopolitical risks could rattle markets worldwide and why Bitcoin remains eerily calm amid the storm. From skyrocketing deficits to currency chaos, Keith’s insights are a wake-up call for Bitcoiners. Don’t miss his take on where Bitcoin could head next—watch now!Key Topics:• Bond Market Analysis: Why it’s riskier than ever• Geopolitical Risks: Tensions driving market instability• Currency Dynamics: US dollar strength and global fallout• Bitcoin: Its role in a volatile worldChapters:• 00:00 - IntroductionA teaser on global chaos and Keith Dicker’s expertise sets the stage.• 00:32 - Keith Dicker’s BackgroundIntroducing Keith from Ice Cap Asset Management and The Loonie Hour.• 01:11 - Bond Market OverviewYield curve inversions and capital flows signal trouble ahead.• 03:53 - Historical Bond TrendsFrom the 60s to 80s, how rising rates crushed markets.• 05:12 - Low Rates and QE ImpactDecades of low rates fueled debt and distorted markets.• 10:04 - Current Bond Market RisksWhy today’s upside is 4% and downside is -40%.• 13:26 - Government Deficits ExplodeInterest expenses rival healthcare spending—unsustainable debt looms.• 16:16 - Tail Risks and Credit EventsLiquidity crises and contagion threats emerge.• 19:55 - Geopolitical Tensions RiseMilitary spending and war risks shake the globe.• 25:23 - Currency Crises and US DollarWhy the dollar thrives as others falter.• 41:23 - Bitcoin’s Role and OutlookKeith on Bitcoin’s stability and future in turbulent times.About Keith Dicker:• Website: icecapassetmanagement.com• Podcast: The Loonie Hour: https://thelooniehour.ca/ • Twitter: @IceCapGlobalFREE Bitcoin Book Giveaway: New to Bitcoin? Get Magic Internet Money by Jesse Berger FREE! Click: bitcoinmentororange.com/magic-internet-moneyBOOK Private Sessions with Bitcoin Mentor: Master self-custody, hardware, multisig, Lightning, privacy, and more. Visit bitcoinmentor.ioSubscribe to Mentor Sessions: Don’t miss out! Follow Us on X.com:• BTC Sessions: @BTCsessions• Nathan: @theBTCmentor• Gary: @GaryLeeNYCPrevious Episode: Check out Derek Gaunt on mastering negotiations: https://youtu.be/ASYrUSsia1g Support the Channel: Smash the like button, share with your Bitcoin crew, and subscribe for more!#Bitcoin #BondMarket #GeopoliticalRisks #KeithDicker #LoonieHour #MentorSessions #BitcoinPodcast #Economy #Finance #Investing #BitcoinPodcast #BitcoinEducation #Podcast #Crypto #Cryptocurrency

Is the $2.8 trillion housing bubble about to burst? Experts Joe Carlasare, Dave Bradley, and Nolan reveal how a real estate meltdown could trigger massive inflows into Bitcoin—and why smart money is already moving.FOLLOW TODAY’S PANELISTS:https://x.com/JoeCarlasarehttps://x.com/BitcoinBrainshttps://x.com/countbtcFOLLOW BTC SESSIONS on X/Nostr: x.com/BTCsessionsbtcsessions@getalby.comBOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL - BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://qrco.de/bfiDBVAQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCpCRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#btc #bitcoin #crypto

Mentor Sessions Ep.017: Derek Gaunt on How Bitcoiners can Master Negotiations with the Black Swan Group TacticsIn this Mentor Sessions episode, Derek Gaunt, a 20-year hostage negotiator and Black Swan Group expert, joins us to reveal how His and Chris Voss’s proven tactics can transform your Bitcoin deals and daily life. Learn to navigate high-stakes negotiations, defuse tense conversations, and unlock powerful communication tools like mirrors, labels, and dynamic silence. From saving $16 million in a lawsuit to deciding on dinner, Derek’s insights are a game-changer for Bitcoiners aiming win more. Don’t miss this chance to boost your leadership, communication, and negotiating skills—hit play now!Key Topics: • Applying hostage negotiation to everyday interactions • Black Swan Group communication strategies • Tactical empathy for better Bitcoin deals • Why curiosity is your secret weapon in negotiationsChapters: • 00:00:00 - IntroductionDerek Gaunt sets the stage, debunking "win-win" and sharing his Black Swan Group expertise.• 00:00:28 - Why Negotiation Matters for BitcoinersHow Derek Gaunt and Chris Voss’s skills tripled income and why Bitcoiners need them.• 00:02:27 - Derek’s Hostage Negotiation BackgroundDerek shares his 20-year journey and the founding of the Black Swan Group with Chris Voss.• 00:04:41 - The Power of Tactical EmpathyWhy understanding your counterpart’s worldview is key to negotiations.• 00:06:18 - High-Stakes Negotiation SuccessHow Derek’s coaching saved a client $16 million in a lawsuit using Black Swan tactics.• 00:10:43 - Defusing Defenses in ConversationsUsing tactical empathy to lower defenses and enable open discussions.• 00:12:25 - Letting the Other Side Go FirstWhy curiosity and listening first unlock better outcomes.• 00:21:44 - Key Negotiation Tools: Labels, Mirrors, SilenceDerek explains how to use labels, mirrors, and dynamic silence.• 00:39:47 - Handling Difficult PersonalitiesStrategies to address counterproductive behavior respectfully in deals.• 00:43:50 - When to Walk Away from a DealDerek on spotting integrity issues and walking away from risky partnerships.• 00:46:45 - Are Hostage Negotiations the Hardest?Why Black Swan skills apply universally, from Bitcoin buys to everyday disputes.• 00:54:00 - Overcoming Objections with CuriosityHow to uncover hidden motivations in price objections using labels.• 01:06:51 - Structuring a Winning ConversationDerek’s framework for Bitcoin negotiations: accusations audit, summary, proof of life.• 01:11:47 - Derek’s Bitcoin Journey & Where to Find HimDerek’s take on Bitcoin and how to connect with his work at Black Swan Group.About Derek Gaunt: • Book: Ego, Authority, Failure (available on Amazon and Audible)• Website: blackswanltd.com• LinkedIn: Derek Gaunt• Instagram: @derekmgaunt• Email: info@blackswanltd.com FREE Bitcoin Book Giveaway: New to Bitcoin? Get Magic Internet Money by Jesse Berger FREE! Click: bitcoinmentororange.com/magic-internet-money BOOK Private Sessions with Bitcoin Mentor: Master self-custody, hardware, multisig, Lightning, privacy, and more. Visit bitcoinmentor.io Subscribe to Mentor Sessions: Don’t miss out!Follow Us:• BTC Sessions: @BTCsessions• Nathan: @theBTCmentor• Gary: @GaryLeeNYCPrevious Episode: Check out MADEX on fiat’s war on art and Alberta’s Bitcoin future: https://youtu.be/E93GGv5EIQs Support the Channel: Smash the like button, share with your Bitcoin crew, and subscribe for more! #Bitcoin #Negotiation #DerekGaunt #BlackSwanGroup #ChrisVoss #HostageNegotiation #TacticalEmpathy #BitcoinPodcast #CommunicationSkills #MentorSessions #BitcoinEducation #Leadership #Podcast #Crypto #Cryptocurrency

A top insider close to Trump just exposed the U.S. government’s Bitcoin master plan, and it could be tied to a much bigger agenda—a new financial world order may already be underway. Here’s what you need to know before it’s too late.🔥 Don’t miss this action-packed episode! Subscribe, hit the bell, and join us LIVE to stay ahead of Bitcoin’s biggest moves! 🚀—------------------------------BOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL BUY BITCOINhttps://bitcoinwell.com/btcsessionsCOINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://store.coinkite.com/promo/BTCSessions AQUA WALLEThttps://aquawallet.io/NUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://nunchuk.io/individualsHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://debifi.com/CRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#bitcoin #crypto #btc #money

Is the Genius Act a covert attack on Bitcoin—or the spark that sends it to all-time highs? Parker Lewis and Hamilton dive into what this legislation really means for Bitcoin’s future and why it has everyone talking.FOLLOW TODAY’S PANELISTS:https://x.com/parkeralewishttps://x.com/Rob1Hamhttps://x.com/Meditation_ManFOLLOW BTC SESSIONS on X/Nostr: x.com/BTCsessionsbtcsessions@getalby.comBOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL - BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://qrco.de/bfiDBVAQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCpCRYPTOCLOAKShttps://qrco.de/bg5Dvo#btc #bitcoin #crypto

Mentor Sessions Ep.016: Fiat’s War on Art - How Bitcoin Can Ignite a Creative RevolutionHas fiat money turned art into a soulless scam? In this explosive episode of Mentor Sessions, Bitcoin artist MADEX reveals how centralized control has crushed creativity—from the Sistine Chapel to a banana taped to a wall—and why Bitcoin could spark a rebellion of authenticity and freedom. We dive into the dark truth of fiat’s impact on art, the game-changing role of AI in creativity, and the urgent need to spend Bitcoin to build a decentralized future. Plus, MADEX shares his bold vision for an independent Alberta that could rival Dubai. Ready to rethink art, money, and power? Hit play now!Key Topics:• How fiat degrades art into a money-laundering machine• AI’s double-edged sword in the creative world• Why spending Bitcoin is a revolutionary act• Alberta’s potential as a Bitcoin-powered havenChapters:• 00:00:00 - IntroductionMeet MADEX as he sets the stage: fiat’s chokehold on art and Bitcoin’s promise of freedom.• 00:01:45 - Fiat’s Degradation of ArtMADEX exposes how fiat’s cost-cutting obsession strips art of soul and vision.• 00:05:27 - Centralization in the Art WorldThe dirty secret: million-dollar art sales as a fiat-fueled scam.• 00:08:35 - AI’s Impact on CreativityAI’s pros and cons—democratizing art or flooding it with garbage?• 00:12:52 - Bitcoin and Authentic ArtHow Bitcoin can restore value and originality to the creative process.• 00:18:59 - The Power of Spending BitcoinMADEX explains why every Bitcoin transaction is a vote for a better world.• 00:22:19 - Bitcoin in the Art SpaceMADEX’s mission to signal quality and draw creators to Bitcoin.• 00:28:10 - Building a Bitcoin EconomySpending Bitcoin as an investment in a decentralized future.• 00:32:32 - Bitcoin’s Reception in Art CirclesOvercoming misconceptions and showing artists Bitcoin’s practical edge.• 00:37:42 - Escaping Fiat MindsetsThe lingering fiat obedience holding Bitcoiners back—and how to break free.• 00:47:11 - The Radical Choice of BitcoinWhy Bitcoin’s untouchable nature shifts power back to the individual.• 00:48:37 - Alberta’s Bitcoin FutureMADEX’s dream of an independent Alberta thriving on Bitcoin and resources.• 01:06:52 - Upcoming Projects & EventsFrom BTC Prague to fiat galleries, where to catch MADEX next.About MADEX:• Website: madex.art • Twitter: @SpaceBullFREE Bitcoin Book Giveaway: New to Bitcoin? Get Magic Internet Money by Jesse Berger FREE! Click here: bitcoinmentororange.com/magic-internet-money BOOK Private Sessions with Bitcoin Mentor: Master self-custody, hardware, multisig, Lightning, privacy, and more. Visit bitcoinmentor.ioFITSCRIPT is built by Bitcoiners for high performing men who want sovereignty over their health. Visit https://qrco.de/bfzjmaSubscribe to Mentor Sessions, Don’t miss out!Follow Us: • BTC Sessions: @BTCsessions • Nathan: @theBTCmentor • Gary: @GaryLeeNYCPrevious Episode: Loved this? Check out Knut Svanholm on Bitcoin philosophy and freedom: https://youtu.be/6KJBx63UkBESupport the Channel: Smash the like button, share with your Bitcoin crew, and subscribe for more! #Bitcoin #Art #Freedom #Decentralization #MentorSessions #BitcoinArt #IndependentAlberta #CreativeRevolution #SoundMoney #Alberta #Objectivism #BitcoinEducation #MADEX #Libertarian #SelfCustody #MentorSessions #Freedom #Podcast #Crypto #Cryptocurrency

The Trump family’s secret plans have just leaked—forcing Bitcoin toward new all-time highs. This game-changing development could reshape the political and financial future of Bitcoin forever.🔥 Don’t miss this action-packed episode! Subscribe, hit the bell, and join us LIVE to stay ahead of Bitcoin’s biggest moves! 🚀—------------------------------BOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL BUY BITCOINhttps://bitcoinwell.com/btcsessionsCOINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://store.coinkite.com/promo/BTCSessions AQUA WALLEThttps://aquawallet.io/NUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://nunchuk.io/individualsHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://debifi.com/#bitcoin #crypto #btc #money

Michael Saylor just DESTROYED the 4-year Bitcoin cycle myth—and it’s changing how the smartest investors think about Bitcoin’s future. Nico, Walker, and Marty Bent break it all down in this must-watch discussion with BTC Sessions.FOLLOW TODAY’S PANELISTS:https://x.com/BITVOLThttps://x.com/WalkerAmericahttps://x.com/MartyBentFOLLOW BTC SESSIONS on X/Nostr: x.com/BTCsessionsbtcsessions@getalby.comBOOK private one-on-one sessions with BITCOIN MENTOR! Learn self custody, hardware, multisig, lightning, privacy, running a node, and plenty more - all from a team of top notch educators that I've personally vetted.https://bitcoinmentor.io/—------------------------------SHOW SPONSORS:BITCOIN WELL - BUY BITCOINhttps://qrco.de/bfiDC6COINKITE/COLDCARD (5% discount):https://qrco.de/bfiDBVAQUA WALLEThttps://qrco.de/bfiD8gNUNCHUK HONEYBADGER INHERITANCEhttps://qrco.de/bfiDARHODLHODL NO KYC P2P EXCHANGEhttps://hodlhodl.com/join/BTCSESSIONDEBIFI LOANShttps://qrco.de/bfiDCp#btc #bitcoin #crypto